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AMPRNews.103
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1992-06-23
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UK AMPRNET TCP/IP Newsletter
Mike Chace - G6DHU
Issue 3 Volume 1 - May 1991
1. Introduction
Well, there's very little to report on the software front in
this issue. Likewise, I've no information to report on
network development. Please, if you've got a reasonable
amount of activity in your area, then mail me and I'll
include the information in the next newsletter.
2. A Plea
Is anyone in the Swindon area reading this and
interested/active on TCP/IP? If so, please contact me with
a view to providing an IP link between Bath, Bristol and the
Home Counties. Thanks.
3. Beginners Information Pack
The G6DHU TCP/IP Beginners Information Package is now at
v1.4, having added an updated KA9Q NOS manual and a manual
for the BM mailer. The pack is available from me at the
address below on receipt of a suitably formatted (MSDOS 720k
or Atari ST) 3.5 inch disk and return postage. A must for
anyone considering TCP/IP on Packet Radio!
4. Tutorial Time!
I've decided to devote this issue to some tutorial material
on the subject of how to connect to other IP stations using
the services of the NET/ROM node network. So here goes....
5. Connecting to IP nodes using NET/ROM.
Let's take as our example, the situation where G7YYY and
G7ZZZ are 2 IP nodes. They can't reach each other direct or
via digipeaters, but they both have a local NET/ROM node.
Let's make it a bit more realistic by saying that our two
stations are separated by 3 network nodes as below :-
g7yyy-5 Node A ------- Node B ------- Node C g7zzz-5
I'm also going to assume that both stations use the
conventional -5 SSID to denote an IP node.
Using NET/ROM
The basic problem to overcome on the network node side, is
to make both IP node callsigns appear at the opposite end of
the netrom link. That is, G7ZZZ-5 appears in the node table
of Node A and G7YYY-5 at Node C.
To do this, you will need to enlist the help of your local
node sysop. The sysop can then 'lock in' each IP node and
give it a route quality that will allow it to traverse the
network ('propagate') to the opposite end of our intended
link. Once this is done, we are in a position to set up an
IP link to the other station using the netrom network.
Setting Up IP to use netrom.
Both stations will need to start their netrom interfaces to
be able to use netrom for sending IP frames. This is done
by the 'attach netrom' command. Starting the netrom
interface will allow us to send and receive packets using
the netrom protocol and to make connections using the
services of netrom.
There are lots of other commands which set the
characteristics of the netrom interface ('netrom ...') but
the defaults should be good enough for the purposes of this
discussion.
Once we set the netrom interface going, we will periodically
send a broadcast using the netrom protocol which announces
the existance of our netrom node to the local nodes. Once
such a broadcast is heard, and we are 'locked in' to the
local node, our netrom callsign will propagate through the
network.
6. Using IP over netrom.
Using the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Where have we got to now ? Well, we are ready to use netrom
to forward our IP traffic across the network to our remote
station. We've done the important work of setting up the
network for us to use, so all we need to do is setup each
end of the link to send IP across netrom.
The first thing we need to do is tell NOS/NET what netrom
callsigns correspond to IP addresses so that we can 'wrap'
node. ARP (the Address Resolution Protocol) allows us to do
this. ARP tells our system which netrom callsign matches a
give IP address, so for instance, G7ZZZ would fix the
following ARP entry....
arp add g7yyy netrom g7yyy-5
This says, to reach host g7yyy (i.e an IP address) use
netrom and send the netrom packet to g7yyy-5.
Setting the IP route.
As usual we also need to have an IP route to the station
that we wish to connect to using netrom. Again taking
G7ZZZ's point of view, the command is...
route add g7yyy netrom
This just says that the IP route to g7yyy will use the
netrom interface.
7. Netrom Routing.
That's just about all there is to setting up a route across
netrom. There are probably one or two finishing touches to
apply and this concerns setting up local netrom routes.
As I mentioned before, the netrom network functions by
periodic (usually every half an hour) broadcasts which send
information to local nodes about which nodes can be reached
from the node currently broadcasting. So, in our model,
g7yyy will receive broadcasts from Node A and g7zzz from
Node C.
We usually don't want to have to wait an hour or so for all
this information to be gleaned from broadcasts (especially
at switch on) so we can fix our own netrom routes locally.
These routes will then be updated in the light of subsequent
broadcasts from the local node. To fix netrom routes we can
use the 'netrom route add ...' command.
So, taking G7ZZZ as our example, s/he could set up netrom
routes as follows :-
netrom route add NodeA GB7AA ax0 50 GB7AA
netrom route add IP1010 G7YYY-5 ax0 50 GB7AA
The first command sets up a direct route to G7ZZZ's local
node (which has an alias of NodeA and a callsign of GB7AA).
The second command sets up the netrom route to g7yyy's IP
node (via GB7AA).
As I mentioned earlier, you don't need to fix netrom routes,
but it does mean that on switching on, you don't have to
wait for the netrom broadcasts to send you the information
which you already know.
8. Recap
Let's remind ourselves of the steps needed to get links
across netrom going..
1) Get your local node sysop to 'lock' your node into
the network.
1a) Ensure that they set a high enough route quality
for you to reach your intended remote IP node.
2) Set up your netrom node ('attach netrom')
3) Add netrom routes for your local node and remote
IP node.
netrom route add ..... (local node)
netrom route add ..... (remote IP node)
4) Fix the ARP entry, mapping an IP address to a
netrom callsign
arp add .....
5) Fix the IP route to the remote station
route add .....
9. 221 Closing.
Brickbats and bouquets (and perhaps an article or two ?) to
84 Frankland Close
Bath
Avon BA1 4EL
or via email (mikec@praxis.co.uk), AMPRNET g6dhu.ampr.org
[44.131.20.3] or NTS (G6DHU @ GB7IMB).
73, Mike
[End of Newsletter]